Unraveling chromatin checkpoints

Forced unraveling of chromatin fibers with nonuniform linker DNA lengths.

The chromatin fiber undergoes significant structural changes during the cell's life cycle to modulate DNA accessibility. Detailed mechanisms of such structural transformations of chromatin fibers as affected by various internal and external conditions such as the ionic conditions of the medium, the linker DNA length, and the presence of linker histones, constitute an open challenge. Here we uti...

Checkpoints

Immune checkpoints

1 This recognition was largely driven by the success of ipilim-umab, the monoclonal antibody that targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory receptor expressed on activated CD8 + T cells. CTLA-4 attenuates the immune response by countering the activity of CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor. 2 By targeting CTLA-4, ipilimumab effectively takes the " brakes " off T ce...

Transporting Bugs with Checkpoints

Virtual platform checkpointing is a technology by which the entire state of the software and hardware of an executing system is captured. Checkpoints can be used for many different purposes during software (and hardware) development. Here, we focus on how they are used to transport bugs between bug reporters and developers. Compared to describing the system state and steps needed to reproduce a...

Checkpointing with mutable checkpoints

There are two approaches to reduce the overhead associated with coordinated checkpointing: )rst is to minimize the number of synchronization messages and the number of checkpoints; the other is to make the checkpointing process non-blocking. In our previous work (IEEE Parallel Distributed Systems 9 (12) (1998) 1213), we proved that there does not exist a non-blocking algorithm which forces only...